Gambling involves risking something of value on an activity with a high degree of randomness or uncertainty, such as a casino game, lotto ticket, scratch card, bet on the horses or sports events, two-up machine or poker. Traditionally, a gambler was referred to as a sharper, gamester or rook, and gambling was an illegal activity until the late 20th century, when attitudes towards it softened and laws were relaxed.

Despite its widespread popularity, gambling can cause harm to people and families. It can damage health, relationships, work and study performance and lead to debt and homelessness. People who have a gambling problem may also be at greater risk of suicide.

Although many factors can contribute to harmful gambling, there is no single factor that causes someone to develop a gambling disorder. Psychological disorders and conditions, coping styles, social learning and beliefs all influence whether someone is susceptible to developing a gambling addiction. The age of a person and their experiences in childhood and the teenage years can also impact their vulnerability to gambling problems.

People with a gambling disorder often report higher levels of depression and anxiety, which can affect their ability to cope with life’s stresses. They may also be more likely to be influenced by the behaviour of family members and friends who have a gambling problem.

In order to reduce the chances of becoming a problem gambler, it is important for people to understand how gambling works and the risks involved. They should only gamble with money they can afford to lose, and set limits for themselves. They should treat their gambling as an entertainment expense, rather than as a way to make money. They should also be aware that gambling products are designed to keep people playing, and that they will lose more than they win.

It is possible to overcome a gambling addiction by seeking professional help and support. The first step is to seek treatment for any underlying mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression. People with a gambling disorder can also benefit from cognitive-behaviour therapy, which teaches them to resist unwanted thoughts and habits. This type of therapy can also help them to challenge irrational beliefs, such as the belief that a string of losses means they are due for a big win.

It is also important for people to learn healthier ways of relieving unpleasant feelings and boredom, such as exercise, spending time with non-gambling friends or hobbies, relaxing and practicing meditation techniques. Those with a gambling disorder should also try to avoid situations where they are likely to be exposed to gambling advertisements and promotions. People who have a severe gambling addiction may require inpatient or residential treatment and rehab programs, which can provide round-the-clock support to manage their addiction. They should be prepared for relapses, but should always keep working towards recovery. For those with a mild to moderate gambling disorder, self-help tools and online resources can also be helpful.